With the advent of bone meal, I decided to do some rapidfire tree growing.
In growing my treehouse, I discovered that trees are VEERY picky about where they grow. Only having 5 block headway isn't enough. It appears to me (although more testing is necessary) that the orthogonally adjacent columns also need to have this clearance.
It is known that a light level of 10 is needed, as well as placement on dirt or grass. Not important.
I have not tested the effects of directly adjacent blocks extensively, although judging by what is seen in nature, trees can still grow in a 1 or 2 deep hole.
For mysterious reasons, trees may not grow even if all of the above conditions are met. Does anyone know why? Perhaps certain other clearance requirements need to be met that I have not stumbled upon.
Also, when experiencing the above issue (in SMP), occasionally bone meal will semi-successfully grow a tree. However, the result is a very strangely shaped tree, and the sapling is still present instead of the bottom trunk piece. Often, all of the newly generated log blocks vanish, leaving leaves that do not seem to decay naturally. Most likely, this is either a glitch in SMP or with bone meal. Further testing will be needed.
Contributions welcome!