Inputs:Pressure plate/tracks: One of the simplest inputs, can be used in many ways. Stone plates only trigger on living creatures, wooden plates activate on collision with any entity. Wooden plates in particular are nifty for other compound inputs. Pressure tracks only detect minecarts, and ONLY minecarts. Supplies power to 2 blocks below the pressure plate, and to all orthogonally adjacent blocks, except up.
Button: Activates redstone for a short while, then turns off. Not very many ways to use this.
Redstone torch: When placed upright, gives power 1 and 2 blocks up, and 1 block left, right, forward and backward. When placed on the side of a block, it gives power 1-2 blocks up, and 1 block down, and power to all orthogonal directions for 1 block except to the block that it is placed on. Can be turned off with redstone power to the block it's placed on. Also can be washed off. Can be used to make logic gates.
Lever: Like a redstone torch, but instead sends power to the block behind it. Also can be used for direct input, or can be washed off with water.
Complex inputsBlock detector: Repeaters can give power through 1 block, but not through air. Using this, one can have the machine detect blocks falling, blocks being placed, or the presence of magma/water (using an opposite source near the block detector)!
Arrow switch: Using a painting, and a wooden pressure plate, one can have the painting fall directly on the pressure plate after the painting is hit with the arrow. Not 100% reliable, but works most of the time.
Water detector:
Ethos is a pretty kewl gai.Random cactus output:
eh invents new stuff and doesn't afraid of anything.Outputs Note: Most of these will be powered if you charge the block they're placed on!
Door: Opens, closes. Can be used as an arrow gate, a platform, or a wall.
Liquids: Liquids head for the nearest depression, and only update when any block next to them updates. Using this, one can put water next to a hole, place wire next to the liquid, and dig a hole where you want the liquid to go. Then, when the liquid updates due to the adjacent wire, it will flow into the other hole as well. Needs to be manually reset.
Dispenser: Shoots arrows, hatches eggs, drops items. Ofc, requires an inventory.
Redstone torch: Used for delay, display, and power inversion. Can also be used to "hack" wires.
Redstone: ORLY. Keep in mind to actually wire this to the output, and not have it simply flow by the destination.
Redstone repeater: These repeat the current, allowing it to flow another 15 blocks. Can also be used for a "block detector", as mentioned above.
TNT: KABOOM! Can be used for cannons, or automated mining, though the latter is unpreferrable. Also, kills players and mobs extremely effectively. Can be used to open a pit. Requires a reset, of course.
Falling blocks: If you place sand on a torch, and a liquid breaks it, the sand will fall. Can also use signs, put the base sign on a sand block that will fall from water. Reset Required.
Minecart tracks: Left or right? Your choice!
Booster Tracks: Can be used to stop rogue minecarts. Or can be used to deploy a cart, too.
Note blocks: They make noise! Can be hit to change the note. Doors are much louder, and therefore function better as an alert system, but these can make different sounds that play whenever a different event happens.
Logic gates: Here they are!Note on emitting blocks: These are blocks directly above a RS torch, next to a repeater, or directly below a pressure plate. When non-transparent blocks are powered in the manners described, they will act as a power source, making wire/outputs directly next to the emitter become powered.
Requests for adding other entries are welcome!